Author: Sushanta Maiti

Management

Industrial Relations- Key Elements, Factors, Challenges, and Importance [PDF Inside]

At its core, industrial relations is about achieving a balance. It strives to create a workplace environment that fosters cooperation and productivity, while ensuring the fair treatment and well-being of employees.

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Economics

What is Marketing Communication? Process, 7Ps, Key Roles, Medium, And How to Implement | PDF Inside

Marketing communication is the process of building and maintaining relationships with customers through various channels. It involves conveying information about a product or service to potential and existing customers, with the goal of influencing their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

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Economics

What is an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)? How does it works? Pros and Cons of ESOPs, Costs, and How to Cash Out ESOPs?

An Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) is a benefit program that gives workers a stake in the company they work for by granting them ownership in the form of company shares. It essentially allows employees to become part-owners of the business.

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Economics

What are the DVR Shares or Differential Voting Rights? [PDF Included] Everything You Need to Know

DVR shares are a class of equity that deviates from the norm in terms of voting rights. Unlike their ordinary share counterparts, DVR shares imbue shareholders with voting power that can be either amplified or diminished. The specific allotment of voting rights hinges upon the terms established by the company during the issuance of these shares.

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Economics

Treasury Shares: A Company Buys Back Its Own Stock [PDF Included]

Imagine a company decides to buy back some of its outstanding shares from shareholders. These repurchased shares are no longer available for public trading and become known as treasury shares or treasury stock. In essence, the company takes ownership of a portion of its own stock. This might seem counterintuitive, but there are several reasons why a company might choose to do this.

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Economics

What are the Ordinary Shares or Equity Shares? Features, Benefits, Limitations, Rights, and Alternatives.

Ordinary shares, or equity shares, are the most common type of stock issued by a company. When you buy ordinary shares, you’re essentially purchasing a piece of ownership in the company. This ownership comes with certain rights and potential rewards, but also some risks.

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Economics

What are the Preference Shares or Preferred Stock? Advantages and disadvantages, Features, Similarities and Differences

Think of preference shares as a special class of stock that grants investors certain privileges over common stockholders. The key benefit lies in dividends. Preference shareholders have the right to receive dividend payouts before any dividends are distributed to common shareholders. These dividends are typically fixed, meaning they represent a set percentage of the face value of the share.

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Management

What is Leadership Style? (PDF Inside) Key Elements of Leadership Style, Common Leadership Styles and Why it matters

Leadership style refers to the characteristic way a leader behaves to influence, motivate, and guide their team. It encompasses the leader’s methods of providing direction, implementing plans, and getting things done through others. There’s no single “best” style, as an effective leader will adapt their approach based on the situation, team dynamics, and their own strengths.

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Communication

What is Organizational Communication? Types, Importance, and How to Manage (PDF Included)

Organizational communication is the flow of information within a company, both formal and informal. It encompasses how employees share ideas, updates, and instructions with each other, as well as how the organization communicates its goals and mission to its workforce. Effective communication is crucial for any organization’s success.

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